[SAFE] Survey on the Access to Finance of SMEs
Updated on DBnomics on December 5, 2024 (6:42 AM).
[FREQ] Frequency
- [H] Half-yearly
- [Q] Quarterly
[REF_AREA] Reference area
- [AT] Austria
- [BE] Belgium
- [DE] Germany
- [ES] Spain
- [FI] Finland
- [FR] France
- [GR] Greece
- [IE] Ireland
- [IT] Italy
- [NL] Netherlands
- [PT] Portugal
- [SK] Slovakia
- [T2] Euro area countries except Germany, France, Italy and Spain
- [U2] Euro area (changing composition)
[FIRM_SIZE] Firm size (SAFE)
- [ALL] All firm sizes
- [LAR] Large firms
- [MED] Medium-sized firms
- [MIC] Micro firms
- [SME] Small and medium-sized enterprises
- [SML] Small firms
[FIRM_SECTOR] Firm economic activity (SAFE)
- [A] All sectors
- [C] Construction sector
- [I] Industry sector
- [S] Services sector [excluding trade]
- [T] Trade sector
[FIRM_TURNOVER] Firm turnover (SAFE)
- [0] All turnover breakdowns included
- [1] Turnover of up to 2 million euros
- [2] Turnover of more than 2 million and up to 10 million euros
- [3] Turnover of more than 10 million and up to 50 million euros
- [4] Turnover of more than 50 million euros
- [9] Do not know firm turnover/No answer
[FIRM_AGE] Firm age (SAFE)
- [0] All ages included
- [1] Created 10 years ago or more
- [2] Created between 5 and 9 years ago
- [3] Created between 2 and 4 years ago
- [4] Created less than 2 years ago
- [9] Do not know firm age/No answer
[FIRM_OWNERSHIP] Firm other breakdowns (ownership, export) (SAFE)
- [0] All types of ownership, all export classes included
[SAFE_QUESTION] SAFE question
- [D0] D0. Characteristics of the firm - country of residence
- [D1] D1. Characteristics of the firm - size
- [D2] D2. Characteristics of the firm - autonomous
- [D2A] D2A. Location of the parent company
- [D3] D3. Characteristics of the firm - main activity
- [D4] D4. Characteristics of the firm - turnover
- [D5] D5. Characteristics of the firm - age
- [D6] D6. Characteristics of the firm - ownership
- [D6B] D6B. Characteristics of the firm - gender
- [D7] D7. Percentage of export in total turnover
- [FG] Financing gap
- [FG_G1] Financing gap_g1 - over the past 3 months
- [FOB] Financing obstacles - broad definition
- [Q0] Q0. Most pressing problem
- [Q0B] Q0b. Pressingness of problems that the firm is facing
- [Q0B_G1] Q0b_g1. Most pressing problem - over the past 3 months
- [Q1] Q1. New developments in the firm
- [Q10] Q10. Financing applied - conditions
- [Q10_G1] Q10_g1. Financing applied - conditions - over the past 3 months
- [Q11] Q11. External financing - factors
- [Q11_G1] Q11_g1. External financing - factors - over the past 3 months
- [Q12] Q12. Loan size
- [Q14] Q14. Loan purpose
- [Q16] Q16. Growth of the firm
- [Q17] Q17. Turnover growth - expectations
- [Q19] Q19. Confidence in negotiations
- [Q2] Q2. Firm income generation indicators
- [Q20] Q20. Financing growth - instruments
- [Q21] Q21. Financing growth - amount
- [Q22] Q22. Financing growth - the most important limitation
- [Q23] Q23. External financing - expectations
- [Q23_G1] Q23_g1. External financing - expectations - over the past 3 months
- [Q24] Q24. Importance of factors in the future financing of the firm
- [Q26] Q26. Turnover - expectations
- [Q2_G1] Q2_g1. Firm income generation indicators - over the past 3 months
- [Q32] Q32. Most important reason for bank loans being not relevant
- [Q4] Q4. Financing structure
- [Q4_G1] Q4_g1. Financing structure - over the past 3 months
- [Q5] Q5. External financing - needs
- [Q5_G1] Q5_g1. External financing - needs - over the past 3 months
- [Q6] Q6. External financing - impact
- [Q6A] Q6A. Purpose of financing
- [Q6A_G1] Q6A_g1. Purpose of financing - over the past 3 months
- [Q7A] Q7A. Financing applied
- [Q7A_G1] Q7A_g1. Financing applied - over the past 3 months
- [Q7B] Q7B. Financing applied - outcome
- [Q7B_G1] Q7B_g1. Financing applied - outcome - over the past 3 months
- [Q8A] Q8A. Size of the last bank loan obtained in the last 6 months
- [Q8B] Q8B. Interest rate charged for the credit line or bank overdraft
- [Q9] Q9. Financing applied - availability
- [Q9_G1] Q9_g1. Financing applied - availability - over the past 3 months
[SAFE_ITEM] SAFE question related item
- [10A] Level of interest rates
- [10B] Level of the cost of financing other than interest rates (charges, fees, commisions)
- [10C] Available size of loan or credit line
- [10D] Available maturity of the loan
- [10E] Collateral requirements
- [10F] Other terms and conditions of the bank financing, e.g. loan covenants, required guarantees, information requirements, procedures, time required for loan approval
- [11A] General economic outlook, to obtain external financing
- [11B] Access to public financial support including guarantees
- [11C] Your firm-specific outlook
- [11D] Your firm own capital
- [11E] Your firm credit history
- [11F] Willingness of banks to provide credit
- [11G] Willingness of business partners to provide trade credit
- [11H] Willingness of investors to invest in your enterprise
- [16A] In terms of employment regarding the number of full time or full-time equivalent employees
- [16B] In terms of turnover
- [19A] With banks
- [19B] With equity investors/ venture capital firms
- [1A] A new or significantly improved product or service to the market
- [1B] A new or significantly improved production process or method
- [1C] A new organisation of management
- [1D] A new way of selling your goods or services
- [22A] Bank or other loan
- [22B] Equity investment or mezzanine
- [24A] Guarantees for loans
- [24B] Measures to facilitate equity investments
- [24C] Export credits or guarantees
- [24D] Tax incentives
- [24E] Business support services
- [24F] Making existing public measures easier to obtain
- [2A] Turnover
- [2B] Labour cost (including social contributions)
- [2C] Other costs influencing income generation (e.g. materials, energy, other)
- [2D] Interest expenses
- [2E] Profit
- [2F] Profit margin
- [2G] Fixed investment
- [2H] Inventories and working capital
- [2I] Number of employees
- [2J] Debt compared to assets
- [6A] Fixed Investment
- [6B] Inventories and working capital
- [6C] Availability of internal funds
- [6D] Mergers and acquisitions and corporate restructuring
- [6_1] Fixed Investment
- [6_2] Inventories and working capital
- [6_3] Hiring and training of employees
- [6_4] Developing and launching new products or services
- [6_5] Refinancing or paying off obligations
- [FBLN] Bank loan
- [FDSE] Debt securities issued
- [FEQI] Equity investments in your firm
- [FFAC] Factoring
- [FGSL] Grants or subsidised bank loan
- [FIFN] Internal funds (retained earnings or sale of assets)
- [FLEH] Leasing or hire-purchase
- [FLHF] Leasing or hire-purchase or factoring
- [FOLN] Other loans
- [FOTH] Other types of financing n.e.i.
- [FOVD] Credit line, bank overdraft or credit cards overdraft
- [FSPL] Subordinated loans, participating loans, preferred stocks or similar financing instruments
- [FTCR] Trade credit
- [FXXX] Did not use external financing
- [K1] Working capital
- [K2] Land/buildings or Equipment/vehicles
- [K3] Research and development or intellectual property
- [K4] Promotion
- [K5] Staff training
- [K6] Buying another business
- [N8] Other
- [N9] Do not know
- [P1] Finding customers
- [P2] Competition
- [P3] Access to finance
- [P4] Costs of production or labour
- [P5] Availability of skilled staff or experienced managers
- [P6] Regulation
- [ZZZZ] Not applicable
[SAFE_ANSWER] SAFE answer
- [AT] Austria
- [B1] Not autonomous (subsidiary or branch)
- [B2] Autonomous firm
- [B4] Subsidiary
- [B5] Branch
- [BE] Belgium
- [C] Construction sector
- [CT1] The same country
- [CT2] Different country in the euro area
- [CT3] Different country in EU member state not belonging to euro area (changing composition)
- [CT4] Different country outside EU
- [CY] Cyprus
- [D1] Turnover of up to 2 million euros
- [D2] Turnover of more than 2 million and up to 10 million euros
- [D3] Turnover of more than 10 million and up to 50 million euros
- [D4] Turnover of more than 50 million euros
- [D5] Turnover of up to 500 thousand euros
- [D6] Turnover of more than 500 thousand and up to 1 million euros
- [D7] Turnover of more than 1 million and up to 2 million euros
- [DE] Germany
- [E1] Created 10 years ago or more
- [E2] Created between 5 and 9 years ago
- [E3] Created between 2 and 4 years ago
- [E4] Created less than 2 years ago
- [EE] Estonia
- [ES] Spain
- [EX1] 0% - no export of goods and services
- [EX2] Less than 25%
- [EX3] Between 25% and 50%
- [EX4] Over 50%
- [F1] Ownership listed on the stock market
- [F2] Ownership family or entrepreneurs
- [F3] Ownership other firms or business associates
- [F4] Ownership venture capital firms or business angels
- [F5] Ownership a natural person, one owner only
- [FI] Finland
- [FR] France
- [G1] Male
- [G2] Female
- [GR] Greece
- [H1] Yes
- [H2] No
- [I] Industry sector
- [IE] Ireland
- [IT] Italy
- [L1] Level 1 out of 10, not at all
- [L10] Level 10 out of 10, extreme
- [L2] Level 2 out of 10
- [L3] Level 3 out of 10
- [L4] Level 4 out of 10
- [L5] Level 5 out of 10
- [L6] Level 6 out of 10
- [L7] Level 7 out of 10
- [L8] Level 8 out of 10
- [L9] Level 9 out of 10
- [LAR] Large firms
- [LU] Luxembourg
- [M1] Over 20% per year
- [M2] Less than 20% per year
- [M3] No growth
- [M4] Got smaller or will become smaller
- [MED] Medium-sized firms
- [MIC] Micro firms
- [MT] Malta
- [N1] Increased, improved or will improve
- [N2] Remained unchanged or will remain unchanged
- [N3] Decreased, deteriorated or will deteriorate
- [N7] Not applicable to the firm
- [N8] Other
- [N9] Do not know
- [N99] Relevant but do not know if used
- [NL] Netherlands
- [NN] Net (increased minus decreased responses)
- [NT] Total
- [P1] Finding customers
- [P2] Competition
- [P3] Access to finance
- [P4] Costs of production or labour
- [P5] Availability of skilled staff or experienced managers
- [P6] Regulation
- [PT] Portugal
- [R1] Applied
- [R2] Did not apply because of possible rejection
- [R3] Did not apply because of sufficient internal funds
- [R4] Did not apply for other reasons
- [S] Services sector [excluding trade]
- [S1] Applied and got everything
- [S2] Applied but only got part of it
- [S3] Applied but refused because cost too high
- [S4] Applied but was rejected
- [S5] Applied and got most of it
- [S6] Applied but only got a limited part of it
- [S8] Application is still pending
- [SI] Slovenia
- [SK] Slovakia
- [SME] Small and medium-sized enterprises
- [SML] Small firms
- [T] Trade sector
- [T2] Euro area countries except Germany, France, Italy and Spain
- [V1] Used
- [V2] Did not use but relevant
- [V3] Relevant
- [W1] There are no obstacles
- [W2] Insufficient collateral or guarantee
- [W3] Interest rates or price too high
- [W4] Reduced control over the firm
- [W5] Financing not available at all
- [W6] Too much paper work
- [W7] No bank loans available
- [W8] No need for this type of financing
- [X1] Bank loan
- [X2] Loan from other sources
- [X3] Equity investment
- [X4] Subordinated loans, participating loans, preferred stocks or similar financing instruments
- [Y1] We did not take a loan
- [Y2] Up to EUR 25,000
- [Y3] More than EUR 25,000 and up to EUR 100,000
- [Y4] 100 000 - 1 million euros
- [Y5] Over EUR 1 million
- [Y6] More than EUR 100,000 and up to EUR 250,000
- [Y7] More than EUR 250,000 and up to EUR 1 million
[SAFE_FILTER] SAFE filter - applicable answer
- [AL] Including not applicable responses
- [FL] Excluding not applicable responses
[SAFE_DENOM] Denomination in SAFE context
- [UN] Unweighted number of responses
- [WA] Weighted average
- [WM] Weighted median
- [WN] Weighted number of responses
- [WP] Weighted percentage of responses
Search filters
Frequency [FREQ] (2)
Reference area [REF_AREA] (14)
Firm size (SAFE) [FIRM_SIZE] (6)
Firm economic activity (SAFE) [FIRM_SECTOR] (5)
Firm turnover (SAFE) [FIRM_TURNOVER] (6)
Firm age (SAFE) [FIRM_AGE] (6)
Firm other breakdowns (ownership, export) (SAFE) [FIRM_OWNERSHIP] (1)
SAFE question [SAFE_QUESTION] (51)
SAFE question related item [SAFE_ITEM] (78)
SAFE answer [SAFE_ANSWER] (121)
SAFE filter - applicable answer [SAFE_FILTER] (2)
Denomination in SAFE context [SAFE_DENOM] (5)
This dataset has 288,525 series:
- from
- 2014-S1=0.752
- to
- 2024-S1=0.251
- min:
- 0
- max:
- 0.926
- avg:
- 0.456
- σ:
- 0.304
- from
- 2014-S1=0
- to
- 2024-S1=0
- min:
- 0
- max:
- 0
- avg:
- 0
- σ:
- 0
- from
- 2014-S1=460
- to
- 2024-S1=718
- min:
- 379
- max:
- 738
- avg:
- 581.476
- σ:
- 132.492
- from
- 2014-S1=211.779
- to
- 2024-S1=250.284
- min:
- 197.62
- max:
- 251.707
- avg:
- 229.44
- σ:
- 15.132
- from
- 2014-S1=42.364
- to
- 2024-S1=63.736
- min:
- 42.364
- max:
- 69.057
- avg:
- 58.542
- σ:
- 6.184
- from
- 2014-S1=39.125
- to
- 2024-S1=24.251
- min:
- 23.018
- max:
- 39.478
- avg:
- 29.435
- σ:
- 4.383
- from
- 2014-S1=6.2
- to
- 2024-S1=2.636
- min:
- 0
- max:
- 6.2
- avg:
- 2.58
- σ:
- 1.886
- from
- 2014-S1=12.311
- to
- 2024-S1=9.378
- min:
- 4.444
- max:
- 17.228
- avg:
- 9.323
- σ:
- 2.9
- from
- 2014-S1=0
- to
- 2024-S1=0
- min:
- 0
- max:
- 1.639
- avg:
- 0.12
- σ:
- 0.387
- from
- 2014-S1=66
- to
- 2024-S1=145
- min:
- 66
- max:
- 145
- avg:
- 106.286
- σ:
- 26.488
Series code | 2014-S1 | 2014-S2 | 2015-S1 | 2015-S2 | 2016-S1 | 2016-S2 | 2017-S1 | 2017-S2 | 2018-S1 | 2018-S2 | 2019-S1 | 2019-S2 | 2020-S1 | 2020-S2 | 2021-S1 | 2021-S2 | 2022-S1 | 2022-S2 | 2023-S1 | 2023-S2 | 2024-S1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2.ZZZZ.B5.AL.WP] | 0.75156 | 0.662236 | 0.279375 | 0.744701 | 0.521798 | 0.926049 | 0.679795 | 0.46672 | 0 | 0.143023 | 0 | 0.104258 | 0 | 0.793831 | 0.394822 | 0.903058 | 0.826063 | 0.557356 | 0.214699 | 0.355977 | 0.2513 |
[H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2.ZZZZ.N9.AL.WP] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
[H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2.ZZZZ.NT.AL.UN] | 460 | 735 | 461 | 737 | 463 | 736 | 460 | 736 | 461 | 737 | 461 | 738 | 460 | 534 | 379 | 673 | 461 | 604 | 463 | 734 | 718 |
[H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2.ZZZZ.NT.AL.WN] | 211.7785 | 244.7176 | 226.765 | 244.8054 | 233.1542 | 251.7074 | 231.1025 | 250.4682 | 226.3576 | 249.307 | 225.2713 | 233.8145 | 220.7582 | 228.2277 | 197.6196 | 213.49 | 206.8741 | 214.171 | 221.5994 | 235.9657 | 250.2838566907 |
[H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2A.ZZZZ.CT1.AL.WP] | 42.36402 | 50.98433 | 53.67278 | 56.17942 | 50.68959 | 54.4567 | 62.44654 | 57.44395 | 52.521 | 57.39479 | 62.02042 | 69.05749 | 60.29251 | 60.54818 | 56.86096 | 60.03284 | 63.03176 | 63.07505 | 66.667 | 65.90323 | 63.7359 |
[H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2A.ZZZZ.CT2.AL.WP] | 39.12458 | 31.53757 | 32.55 | 30.81947 | 39.4781 | 33.86892 | 26.75621 | 26.84207 | 32.60328 | 29.25994 | 28.13511 | 23.01754 | 26.16823 | 26.83735 | 25.91055 | 30.21892 | 32.52446 | 25.02119 | 25.23679 | 27.97892 | 24.2505 |
[H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2A.ZZZZ.CT3.AL.WP] | 6.200288 | 4.328869 | 2.638976 | 3.577903 | 4.390898 | 4.308677 | 2.628701 | 5.012842 | 5.125561 | 4.501102 | 1.402346 | 0 | 1.54993 | 1.500789 | 0 | 1.978351 | 0 | 1.818764 | 0 | 0.5803 | 2.6358 |
[H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2A.ZZZZ.CT4.AL.WP] | 12.31112 | 13.14923 | 11.13825 | 9.423202 | 5.441408 | 7.365706 | 8.16855 | 10.70114 | 9.75016 | 8.844164 | 6.803225 | 7.924973 | 11.98933 | 11.11368 | 17.22849 | 6.893733 | 4.443772 | 10.08499 | 8.096203 | 5.537549 | 9.3782 |
[H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2A.ZZZZ.N9.AL.WP] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.638898 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.876153 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
[H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2A.ZZZZ.NT.AL.UN] | 66 | 143 | 91 | 140 | 85 | 131 | 83 | 128 | 89 | 125 | 78 | 133 | 81 | 90 | 71 | 132 | 87 | 106 | 88 | 140 | 145 |
Showing results 11 - 20 / 288,525