Survey on the Access to Finance of SMEs [SAFE]

Updated on DBnomics on May 2, 2024 (6:06 AM)

Frequency [FREQ]
Reference area [REF_AREA]
Firm size (SAFE) [FIRM_SIZE]
Firm economic activity (SAFE) [FIRM_SECTOR]
Firm turnover (SAFE) [FIRM_TURNOVER]
Firm age (SAFE) [FIRM_AGE]
Firm other breakdowns (ownership, export) (SAFE) [FIRM_OWNERSHIP]
SAFE question [SAFE_QUESTION]
SAFE question related item [SAFE_ITEM]
SAFE answer [SAFE_ANSWER]
SAFE filter - applicable answer [SAFE_FILTER]
Denomination in SAFE context [SAFE_DENOM]

Dataset has 288,096 series. Add search filters to narrow them.

Series code 2014-S12014-S22015-S12015-S22016-S12016-S22017-S12017-S22018-S12018-S22019-S12019-S22020-S12020-S22021-S12021-S22022-S12022-S22023-S12023-S2
H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2.ZZZZ.B5.AL.WP 0.75156 0.662236 0.279375 0.744701 0.521798 0.926049 0.679795 0.46672 0 0.143023 0 0.104258 0 0.793831 0.394822 0.903058 0.826063 0.557356 0.214699 0.355977
H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2.ZZZZ.N9.AL.WP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2.ZZZZ.NT.AL.UN 460 735 461 737 463 736 460 736 461 737 461 738 460 534 379 673 461 604 463 734
H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2.ZZZZ.NT.AL.WN 211.7785 244.7176 226.765 244.8054 233.1542 251.7074 231.1025 250.4682 226.3576 249.307 225.2713 233.8145 220.7582 228.2277 197.6196 213.49 206.8741 214.171 221.5994 235.9657
H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2A.ZZZZ.CT1.AL.WP 42.36402 50.98433 53.67278 56.17942 50.68959 54.4567 62.44654 57.44395 52.521 57.39479 62.02042 69.05749 60.29251 60.54818 56.86096 60.03284 63.03176 63.07505 66.667 65.90323
H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2A.ZZZZ.CT2.AL.WP 39.12458 31.53757 32.55 30.81947 39.4781 33.86892 26.75621 26.84207 32.60328 29.25994 28.13511 23.01754 26.16823 26.83735 25.91055 30.21892 32.52446 25.02119 25.23679 27.97892
H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2A.ZZZZ.CT3.AL.WP 6.200288 4.328869 2.638976 3.577903 4.390898 4.308677 2.628701 5.012842 5.125561 4.501102 1.402346 0 1.54993 1.500789 0 1.978351 0 1.818764 0 0.5803
H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2A.ZZZZ.CT4.AL.WP 12.31112 13.14923 11.13825 9.423202 5.441408 7.365706 8.16855 10.70114 9.75016 8.844164 6.803225 7.924973 11.98933 11.11368 17.22849 6.893733 4.443772 10.08499 8.096203 5.537549
H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2A.ZZZZ.N9.AL.WP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.638898 0 0 0 0 0.876153 0 0 0 0
H.AT.SME.A.0.0.0.D2A.ZZZZ.NT.AL.UN 66 143 91 140 85 131 83 128 89 125 78 133 81 90 71 132 87 106 88 140
Dimension codes and labels
[FREQ] Frequency
  • [H] Half-yearly
  • [Q] Quarterly
[REF_AREA] Reference area
  • [AT] Austria
  • [BE] Belgium
  • [DE] Germany
  • [ES] Spain
  • [FI] Finland
  • [FR] France
  • [GR] Greece
  • [IE] Ireland
  • [IT] Italy
  • [NL] Netherlands
  • [PT] Portugal
  • [SK] Slovakia
  • [T2] Euro area countries except Germany, France, Italy and Spain
  • [U2] Euro area (changing composition)
[FIRM_SIZE] Firm size (SAFE)
  • [ALL] All firm sizes
  • [LAR] Large firms
  • [MED] Medium-sized firms
  • [MIC] Micro firms
  • [SME] Small and medium-sized enterprises
  • [SML] Small firms
[FIRM_SECTOR] Firm economic activity (SAFE)
  • [A] All sectors
  • [C] Construction sector
  • [I] Industry sector
  • [S] Services sector [excluding trade]
  • [T] Trade sector
[FIRM_TURNOVER] Firm turnover (SAFE)
  • [0] All turnover breakdowns included
  • [1] Turnover of up to 2 million euros
  • [2] Turnover of more than 2 million and up to 10 million euros
  • [3] Turnover of more than 10 million and up to 50 million euros
  • [4] Turnover of more than 50 million euros
  • [9] Do not know firm turnover/No answer
[FIRM_AGE] Firm age (SAFE)
  • [0] All ages included
  • [1] Created 10 years ago or more
  • [2] Created between 5 and 9 years ago
  • [3] Created between 2 and 4 years ago
  • [4] Created less than 2 years ago
  • [9] Do not know firm age/No answer
[FIRM_OWNERSHIP] Firm other breakdowns (ownership, export) (SAFE)
  • [0] All types of ownership, all export classes included
[SAFE_QUESTION] SAFE question
  • [D0] D0. Characteristics of the firm - country of residence
  • [D1] D1. Characteristics of the firm - size
  • [D2] D2. Characteristics of the firm - autonomous
  • [D2A] D2A. Location of the parent company
  • [D3] D3. Characteristics of the firm - main activity
  • [D4] D4. Characteristics of the firm - turnover
  • [D5] D5. Characteristics of the firm - age
  • [D6] D6. Characteristics of the firm - ownership
  • [D6B] D6B. Characteristics of the firm - gender
  • [D7] D7. Percentage of export in total turnover
  • [FG] Financing gap
  • [FOB] Financing obstacles - broad definition
  • [Q0] Q0. Most pressing problem
  • [Q0B] Q0b. Pressingness of problems that the firm is facing
  • [Q0B_G1] Q0b_g1. Most pressing problem - over the past 3 months
  • [Q1] Q1. New developments in the firm
  • [Q10] Q10. Financing applied - conditions
  • [Q10_G1] Q10_g1. Financing applied - conditions - over the past 3 months
  • [Q11] Q11. External financing - factors
  • [Q11_G1] Q11_g1. External financing - factors - over the past 3 months
  • [Q12] Q12. Loan size
  • [Q14] Q14. Loan purpose
  • [Q16] Q16. Growth of the firm
  • [Q17] Q17. Turnover growth - expectations
  • [Q19] Q19. Confidence in negotiations
  • [Q2] Q2. Firm income generation indicators
  • [Q20] Q20. Financing growth - instruments
  • [Q21] Q21. Financing growth - amount
  • [Q22] Q22. Financing growth - the most important limitation
  • [Q23] Q23. External financing - expectations
  • [Q23_G1] Q23_g1. External financing - expectations - over the past 3 months
  • [Q24] Q24. Importance of factors in the future financing of the firm
  • [Q26] Q26. Turnover - expectations
  • [Q2_G1] Q2_g1. Firm income generation indicators - over the past 3 months
  • [Q32] Q32. Most important reason for bank loans being not relevant
  • [Q4] Q4. Financing structure
  • [Q4_G1] Q4_g1. Financing structure - over the past 3 months
  • [Q5] Q5. External financing - needs
  • [Q5_G1] Q5_g1. External financing - needs - over the past 3 months
  • [Q6] Q6. External financing - impact
  • [Q6A] Q6A. Purpose of financing
  • [Q6A_G1] Q6A_g1. Purpose of financing - over the past 3 months
  • [Q7A] Q7A. Financing applied
  • [Q7A_G1] Q7A_g1. Financing applied - over the past 3 months
  • [Q7B] Q7B. Financing applied - outcome
  • [Q7B_G1] Q7B_g1. Financing applied - outcome - over the past 3 months
  • [Q8A] Q8A. Size of the last bank loan obtained in the last 6 months
  • [Q8B] Q8B. Interest rate charged for the credit line or bank overdraft
  • [Q9] Q9. Financing applied - availability
  • [Q9_G1] Q9_g1. Financing applied - availability - over the past 3 months
[SAFE_ITEM] SAFE question related item
  • [10A] Level of interest rates
  • [10B] Level of the cost of financing other than interest rates (charges, fees, commisions)
  • [10C] Available size of loan or credit line
  • [10D] Available maturity of the loan
  • [10E] Collateral requirements
  • [10F] Other terms and conditions of the bank financing, e.g. loan covenants, required guarantees, information requirements, procedures, time required for loan approval
  • [11A] General economic outlook, to obtain external financing
  • [11B] Access to public financial support including guarantees
  • [11C] Your firm-specific outlook
  • [11D] Your firm own capital
  • [11E] Your firm credit history
  • [11F] Willingness of banks to provide credit
  • [11G] Willingness of business partners to provide trade credit
  • [11H] Willingness of investors to invest in your enterprise
  • [16A] In terms of employment regarding the number of full time or full-time equivalent employees
  • [16B] In terms of turnover
  • [19A] With banks
  • [19B] With equity investors/ venture capital firms
  • [1A] A new or significantly improved product or service to the market
  • [1B] A new or significantly improved production process or method
  • [1C] A new organisation of management
  • [1D] A new way of selling your goods or services
  • [22A] Bank or other loan
  • [22B] Equity investment or mezzanine
  • [24A] Guarantees for loans
  • [24B] Measures to facilitate equity investments
  • [24C] Export credits or guarantees
  • [24D] Tax incentives
  • [24E] Business support services
  • [24F] Making existing public measures easier to obtain
  • [2A] Turnover
  • [2B] Labour cost (including social contributions)
  • [2C] Other costs influencing income generation (e.g. materials, energy, other)
  • [2D] Interest expenses
  • [2E] Profit
  • [2F] Profit margin
  • [2G] Fixed investment
  • [2H] Inventories and working capital
  • [2I] Number of employees
  • [2J] Debt compared to assets
  • [6A] Fixed Investment
  • [6B] Inventories and working capital
  • [6C] Availability of internal funds
  • [6D] Mergers and acquisitions and corporate restructuring
  • [6_1] Fixed Investment
  • [6_2] Inventories and working capital
  • [6_3] Hiring and training of employees
  • [6_4] Developing and launching new products or services
  • [6_5] Refinancing or paying off obligations
  • [FBLN] Bank loan
  • [FDSE] Debt securities issued
  • [FEQI] Equity investments in your firm
  • [FFAC] Factoring
  • [FGSL] Grants or subsidised bank loan
  • [FIFN] Internal funds (retained earnings or sale of assets)
  • [FLEH] Leasing or hire-purchase
  • [FLHF] Leasing or hire-purchase or factoring
  • [FOLN] Other loans
  • [FOTH] Other types of financing n.e.i.
  • [FOVD] Credit line, bank overdraft or credit cards overdraft
  • [FSPL] Subordinated loans, participating loans, preferred stocks or similar financing instruments
  • [FTCR] Trade credit
  • [FXXX] Did not use external financing
  • [K1] Working capital
  • [K2] Land/buildings or Equipment/vehicles
  • [K3] Research and development or intellectual property
  • [K4] Promotion
  • [K5] Staff training
  • [K6] Buying another business
  • [N8] Other
  • [N9] Do not know
  • [P1] Finding customers
  • [P2] Competition
  • [P3] Access to finance
  • [P4] Costs of production or labour
  • [P5] Availability of skilled staff or experienced managers
  • [P6] Regulation
  • [ZZZZ] Not applicable
[SAFE_ANSWER] SAFE answer
  • [AT] Austria
  • [B1] Not autonomous (subsidiary or branch)
  • [B2] Autonomous firm
  • [B4] Subsidiary
  • [B5] Branch
  • [BE] Belgium
  • [C] Construction sector
  • [CT1] The same country
  • [CT2] Different country in the euro area
  • [CT3] Different country in EU member state not belonging to euro area (changing composition)
  • [CT4] Different country outside EU
  • [CY] Cyprus
  • [D1] Turnover of up to 2 million euros
  • [D2] Turnover of more than 2 million and up to 10 million euros
  • [D3] Turnover of more than 10 million and up to 50 million euros
  • [D4] Turnover of more than 50 million euros
  • [D5] Turnover of up to 500 thousand euros
  • [D6] Turnover of more than 500 thousand and up to 1 million euros
  • [D7] Turnover of more than 1 million and up to 2 million euros
  • [DE] Germany
  • [E1] Created 10 years ago or more
  • [E2] Created between 5 and 9 years ago
  • [E3] Created between 2 and 4 years ago
  • [E4] Created less than 2 years ago
  • [EE] Estonia
  • [ES] Spain
  • [EX1] 0% - no export of goods and services
  • [EX2] Less than 25%
  • [EX3] Between 25% and 50%
  • [EX4] Over 50%
  • [F1] Ownership listed on the stock market
  • [F2] Ownership family or entrepreneurs
  • [F3] Ownership other firms or business associates
  • [F4] Ownership venture capital firms or business angels
  • [F5] Ownership a natural person, one owner only
  • [FI] Finland
  • [FR] France
  • [G1] Male
  • [G2] Female
  • [GR] Greece
  • [H1] Yes
  • [H2] No
  • [I] Industry sector
  • [IE] Ireland
  • [IT] Italy
  • [L1] Level 1 out of 10, not at all
  • [L10] Level 10 out of 10, extreme
  • [L2] Level 2 out of 10
  • [L3] Level 3 out of 10
  • [L4] Level 4 out of 10
  • [L5] Level 5 out of 10
  • [L6] Level 6 out of 10
  • [L7] Level 7 out of 10
  • [L8] Level 8 out of 10
  • [L9] Level 9 out of 10
  • [LAR] Large firms
  • [LU] Luxembourg
  • [M1] Over 20% per year
  • [M2] Less than 20% per year
  • [M3] No growth
  • [M4] Got smaller or will become smaller
  • [MED] Medium-sized firms
  • [MIC] Micro firms
  • [MT] Malta
  • [N1] Increased, improved or will improve
  • [N2] Remained unchanged or will remain unchanged
  • [N3] Decreased, deteriorated or will deteriorate
  • [N7] Not applicable to the firm
  • [N8] Other
  • [N9] Do not know
  • [N99] Relevant but do not know if used
  • [NL] Netherlands
  • [NN] Net (increased minus decreased responses)
  • [NT] Total
  • [P1] Finding customers
  • [P2] Competition
  • [P3] Access to finance
  • [P4] Costs of production or labour
  • [P5] Availability of skilled staff or experienced managers
  • [P6] Regulation
  • [PT] Portugal
  • [R1] Applied
  • [R2] Did not apply because of possible rejection
  • [R3] Did not apply because of sufficient internal funds
  • [R4] Did not apply for other reasons
  • [S] Services sector [excluding trade]
  • [S1] Applied and got everything
  • [S2] Applied but only got part of it
  • [S3] Applied but refused because cost too high
  • [S4] Applied but was rejected
  • [S5] Applied and got most of it
  • [S6] Applied but only got a limited part of it
  • [S8] Application is still pending
  • [SI] Slovenia
  • [SK] Slovakia
  • [SME] Small and medium-sized enterprises
  • [SML] Small firms
  • [T] Trade sector
  • [T2] Euro area countries except Germany, France, Italy and Spain
  • [V1] Used
  • [V2] Did not use but relevant
  • [V3] Relevant
  • [W1] There are no obstacles
  • [W2] Insufficient collateral or guarantee
  • [W3] Interest rates or price too high
  • [W4] Reduced control over the firm
  • [W5] Financing not available at all
  • [W6] Too much paper work
  • [W7] No bank loans available
  • [W8] No need for this type of financing
  • [X1] Bank loan
  • [X2] Loan from other sources
  • [X3] Equity investment
  • [X4] Subordinated loans, participating loans, preferred stocks or similar financing instruments
  • [Y1] We did not take a loan
  • [Y2] Up to EUR 25,000
  • [Y3] More than EUR 25,000 and up to EUR 100,000
  • [Y4] 100 000 - 1 million euros
  • [Y5] Over EUR 1 million
  • [Y6] More than EUR 100,000 and up to EUR 250,000
  • [Y7] More than EUR 250,000 and up to EUR 1 million
[SAFE_FILTER] SAFE filter - applicable answer
  • [AL] Including not applicable responses
  • [FL] Excluding not applicable responses
[SAFE_DENOM] Denomination in SAFE context
  • [UN] Unweighted number of responses
  • [WA] Weighted average
  • [WM] Weighted median
  • [WN] Weighted number of responses
  • [WP] Weighted percentage of responses
Technical links