[DSD_RDTAX@DF_RDTAX] R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD
Updated by provider on June 27, 2025 (4:21 PM).
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.
This dataset has 1,003 series:
- from
- 2000=0.009
- to
- 2023=0.003
- min:
- 0.002
- max:
- 0.009
- avg:
- 0.006
- σ:
- 0.002
- from
- 2000=8.71
- to
- 2023=1.03
- min:
- 1.03
- max:
- 8.71
- avg:
- 4.378
- σ:
- 2.667
- from
- 2000=68.8
- to
- 2023=30.2
- min:
- 24.4
- max:
- 108.8
- avg:
- 52.044
- σ:
- 20.348
- from
- 2000=28.1
- to
- 2023=5,001.4
- min:
- 20.2
- max:
- 5,001.4
- avg:
- 725.533
- σ:
- 1,276.034
- from
- 2004=0.011
- to
- 2023=0.003
- min:
- 0.002
- max:
- 0.011
- avg:
- 0.005
- σ:
- 0.003
- from
- 2004=83.9
- to
- 2023=30.2
- min:
- 24.4
- max:
- 117.8
- avg:
- 54.938
- σ:
- 26.068
- from
- 2004=51.8
- to
- 2023=5,001.4
- min:
- 43.1
- max:
- 5,001.4
- avg:
- 1,007.069
- σ:
- 1,406.96
- from
- 2000=0.221
- to
- 2012=0.329
- min:
- 0.199
- max:
- 0.342
- avg:
- 0.256
- σ:
- 0.049
- from
- 2000=1,721.4
- to
- 2012=3,749.2
- min:
- 1,321.6
- max:
- 3,749.2
- avg:
- 2,416.638
- σ:
- 848.565
- from
- 2000=703.4
- to
- 2012=8,677.3
- min:
- 618.3
- max:
- 8,677.3
- avg:
- 2,864.392
- σ:
- 2,500.767
Series code | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[ARG.A.DF.PT_B1GQ._Z._Z] | 0.0088 | 0.0074999998 | 0.0057999999 | 0.0088999998 | 0.0092000002 | 0.0060999999 | 0.0062000002 | 0.0065000001 | 0.0059000002 | - | - | - | - | 0.0093 | 0.0024999999 | 0.0052 | 0.003 | 0.0022 | 0.0031999999 | 0.0031999999 | 0.0038000001 | 0.0026 |
[ARG.A.DF.PT_BERD._Z._Z] | 8.71 | 8.6800003 | 6.3699999 | 8.4200001 | 6.9000001 | 4.48 | 4.48 | 4.6799998 | 4.5500002 | - | - | - | - | 7.0799999 | 2 | 3.45 | 1.95 | 1.26 | 1.48 | 1.5599999 | 1.73 | 1.03 |
[ARG.A.DF.USD_PPP._Z._Z] | 68.800003 | 55.900002 | 38.299999 | 64.599998 | 72.300003 | 52 | 56.900002 | 65.800003 | 61.700001 | - | - | - | - | 108.8 | 29 | 61.099998 | 34.599998 | 24.4 | 32.200001 | 35.900002 | 44.299999 | 30.200001 |
[ARG.A.DF.XDC._Z._Z] | 28.1 | 22.6 | 20.200001 | 37.599998 | 44.599998 | 35.400002 | 44.099998 | 58.599998 | 67.599998 | - | - | - | - | 554.09998 | 208.2 | 553.70001 | 444.5 | 468.29999 | 866.40002 | 1486.7 | 3117.5 | 5001.3999 |
[ARG.A.DF_GTARD.PT_B1GQ._Z._Z] | - | - | - | - | 0.0107 | 0.0074 | - | 0.0071 | 0.0068999999 | - | - | - | - | 0.0101 | 0.0033 | 0.0055999998 | 0.003 | 0.0022 | 0.0031999999 | 0.0031999999 | 0.0038000001 | 0.0026 |
[ARG.A.DF_GTARD.USD_PPP._Z._Z] | - | - | - | - | 83.900002 | 63.299999 | - | 71.400002 | 72.599998 | - | - | - | - | 117.8 | 37.299999 | 66.300003 | 34.599998 | 24.4 | 32.200001 | 35.900002 | 44.299999 | 30.200001 |
[ARG.A.DF_GTARD.XDC._Z._Z] | - | - | - | - | 51.799999 | 43.099998 | - | 63.599998 | 79.599998 | - | - | - | - | 600.09998 | 268.20001 | 600.70001 | 444.5 | 468.29999 | 866.40002 | 1486.7 | 3117.5 | 5001.3999 |
[ARG.A.GBARD.PT_B1GQ._Z._Z] | 0.22139999 | 0.2058 | 0.19949999 | 0.2058 | 0.2088 | 0.2255 | 0.2387 | 0.26359999 | 0.27500001 | 0.34220001 | 0.3154 | 0.303 | 0.32890001 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
[ARG.A.GBARD.USD_PPP._Z._Z] | 1721.4 | 1529.9 | 1321.6 | 1485.3 | 1641.4 | 1929.5 | 2206.2 | 2656.2 | 2883.8 | 3376.2 | 3426.8 | 3488.8 | 3749.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
[ARG.A.GBARD.XDC._Z._Z] | 703.40002 | 618.29999 | 697.29999 | 865 | 1013.1 | 1313.8 | 1708.6 | 2364.3999 | 3161.8 | 4271 | 5241.7002 | 6601.3999 | 8677.2998 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
This dataset has 1,003 series:
- from
- 2000=0.009
- to
- 2023=0.003
- min:
- 0.002
- max:
- 0.009
- avg:
- 0.006
- σ:
- 0.002
- from
- 2000=8.71
- to
- 2023=1.03
- min:
- 1.03
- max:
- 8.71
- avg:
- 4.378
- σ:
- 2.667
- from
- 2000=68.8
- to
- 2023=30.2
- min:
- 24.4
- max:
- 108.8
- avg:
- 52.044
- σ:
- 20.348
- from
- 2000=28.1
- to
- 2023=5,001.4
- min:
- 20.2
- max:
- 5,001.4
- avg:
- 725.533
- σ:
- 1,276.034
- from
- 2004=0.011
- to
- 2023=0.003
- min:
- 0.002
- max:
- 0.011
- avg:
- 0.005
- σ:
- 0.003
- from
- 2004=83.9
- to
- 2023=30.2
- min:
- 24.4
- max:
- 117.8
- avg:
- 54.938
- σ:
- 26.068
- from
- 2004=51.8
- to
- 2023=5,001.4
- min:
- 43.1
- max:
- 5,001.4
- avg:
- 1,007.069
- σ:
- 1,406.96
- from
- 2000=0.221
- to
- 2012=0.329
- min:
- 0.199
- max:
- 0.342
- avg:
- 0.256
- σ:
- 0.049
- from
- 2000=1,721.4
- to
- 2012=3,749.2
- min:
- 1,321.6
- max:
- 3,749.2
- avg:
- 2,416.638
- σ:
- 848.565
- from
- 2000=703.4
- to
- 2012=8,677.3
- min:
- 618.3
- max:
- 8,677.3
- avg:
- 2,864.392
- σ:
- 2,500.767
Series code | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[ARG.A.DF.PT_B1GQ._Z._Z] | 0.0088 | 0.0074999998 | 0.0057999999 | 0.0088999998 | 0.0092000002 | 0.0060999999 | 0.0062000002 | 0.0065000001 | 0.0059000002 | - | - | - | - | 0.0093 | 0.0024999999 | 0.0052 | 0.003 | 0.0022 | 0.0031999999 | 0.0031999999 | 0.0038000001 | 0.0026 |
[ARG.A.DF.PT_BERD._Z._Z] | 8.71 | 8.6800003 | 6.3699999 | 8.4200001 | 6.9000001 | 4.48 | 4.48 | 4.6799998 | 4.5500002 | - | - | - | - | 7.0799999 | 2 | 3.45 | 1.95 | 1.26 | 1.48 | 1.5599999 | 1.73 | 1.03 |
[ARG.A.DF.USD_PPP._Z._Z] | 68.800003 | 55.900002 | 38.299999 | 64.599998 | 72.300003 | 52 | 56.900002 | 65.800003 | 61.700001 | - | - | - | - | 108.8 | 29 | 61.099998 | 34.599998 | 24.4 | 32.200001 | 35.900002 | 44.299999 | 30.200001 |
[ARG.A.DF.XDC._Z._Z] | 28.1 | 22.6 | 20.200001 | 37.599998 | 44.599998 | 35.400002 | 44.099998 | 58.599998 | 67.599998 | - | - | - | - | 554.09998 | 208.2 | 553.70001 | 444.5 | 468.29999 | 866.40002 | 1486.7 | 3117.5 | 5001.3999 |
[ARG.A.DF_GTARD.PT_B1GQ._Z._Z] | - | - | - | - | 0.0107 | 0.0074 | - | 0.0071 | 0.0068999999 | - | - | - | - | 0.0101 | 0.0033 | 0.0055999998 | 0.003 | 0.0022 | 0.0031999999 | 0.0031999999 | 0.0038000001 | 0.0026 |
[ARG.A.DF_GTARD.USD_PPP._Z._Z] | - | - | - | - | 83.900002 | 63.299999 | - | 71.400002 | 72.599998 | - | - | - | - | 117.8 | 37.299999 | 66.300003 | 34.599998 | 24.4 | 32.200001 | 35.900002 | 44.299999 | 30.200001 |
[ARG.A.DF_GTARD.XDC._Z._Z] | - | - | - | - | 51.799999 | 43.099998 | - | 63.599998 | 79.599998 | - | - | - | - | 600.09998 | 268.20001 | 600.70001 | 444.5 | 468.29999 | 866.40002 | 1486.7 | 3117.5 | 5001.3999 |
[ARG.A.GBARD.PT_B1GQ._Z._Z] | 0.22139999 | 0.2058 | 0.19949999 | 0.2058 | 0.2088 | 0.2255 | 0.2387 | 0.26359999 | 0.27500001 | 0.34220001 | 0.3154 | 0.303 | 0.32890001 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
[ARG.A.GBARD.USD_PPP._Z._Z] | 1721.4 | 1529.9 | 1321.6 | 1485.3 | 1641.4 | 1929.5 | 2206.2 | 2656.2 | 2883.8 | 3376.2 | 3426.8 | 3488.8 | 3749.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
[ARG.A.GBARD.XDC._Z._Z] | 703.40002 | 618.29999 | 697.29999 | 865 | 1013.1 | 1313.8 | 1708.6 | 2364.3999 | 3161.8 | 4271 | 5241.7002 | 6601.3999 | 8677.2998 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |